Tax-free bonds: 10 facts you need to know before investing

What are tax-free bonds: These bonds are mostly issued by government enterprises and pay a fixed coupon rate (interest rate). As the proceeds from the bonds are invested in infrastructure projects, they have a long-term maturity of typically 10, 15 or 20 years.

Tax benefits: The income by way of interest on tax-free bonds is fully exempted from income tax. The interest earned from these bonds does not form part of your total income. There is no deduction of tax at source (TDS) from the interest, which accrues to the bondholders. But remember that no tax deduction will be available for the invested amount.

Interest rate: The coupon (interest) rates of tax-free bonds are linked to the prevailing rates of government securities. So these bonds become attractive when the interest rates in the financial system are high.

Interest payment: The interest on these bonds is paid annually and credited directly in the bank account of the investor.

Tax free bonds vs bank fixed deposits (FDs): The interest earned on bank FDs and other normal bonds are added to the income of the investor and taxed as per the income-tax slabs. As interest earned from tax-free bonds are not taxed, investors in higher tax brackets mostly earn a better post-tax return than from FDs. But remember, the bank FDs score over tax-free bonds in terms of liquidity as these bonds have a longer maturity tenure.

Credit risk: Since tax-free bonds are mostly issued by government-backed companies, the credit risk or risk of non-repayment is very low.

Liquidity: The tax-free bonds get listed and then traded on the stock exchange(s) to offer an exit route to investors. But these bonds might not enjoy high liquidity as they are long-term in nature.

Do you need a demat account? The bonds could be issued both in demat and physical mode.

Secondary market: Investors can buy and sell these tax free bonds on the stock exchanges. Though the interest earned on these bonds is tax-free, any capital gain from sale in the secondary market is taxable. Short-term capital gains from sale of tax-free bonds on exchanges are taxed at the normal rate, while long-term capital gains are taxed at 10% without indexation and 20% with indexation, whichever is lower. By indexing, you adjust the purchasing price with annual inflation.

Who should invest? Tax-free bonds are suitable for investors looking for a steady source of income annually and can afford to lock-in their capital for the long term. (Disclaimer: Investors are advised to make their own assessment before acting on the information.)